NMFC 2025-1 IMPLEMENTATION BRINGS CHANGES TO LTL FREIGHT CLASSIFICATION
On July 19, 2025, the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) enacted NMFC Docket 2025-1, introducing some of the most significant overhauls to less-than-truckload (LTL) freight classification in nearly a century. These changes are part of ongoing work to modernize the motor freight classification by aligning it with modern packaging, density, and handling realities. With thousands of commodities redefined and a new 13-sub density scale replacing outdated models, the update carries significant compliance and cost implications for how shippers plan, package, and bill less-than-truckload freight.
EXPANDED DENSITY SCALE ADDS CLASSIFICATION PRECISION
Central to the new classification update is a new 13-sub density scale that replaces the 90-year-old legacy 11-sub system. Each subcategory is now assigned a defined density range that more accurately aligns with shipping costs – starting at less than 1 lb/ft³ and progressing to 50 lb/ft³ or greater. The new scale provides a clearer framework for determining how packaging and product configuration influence cost, stowability, and liability exposure.
CONSOLIDATION OF OVERLAPPING NMFC HEADERS
Over 2,000 NMFC item numbers were either reclassified or consolidated. Product families such as aluminum articles, art materials, athletic equipment, and automobile parts were unified under updated density classifications. These consolidations are expected to reduce the margin for error and improve data quality for freight audits and compliance reviews.
The following examples illustrate how commodity class changes in the revised density-based structure:
| Commodity Group | Changes Implemented |
|---|---|
| Aluminum Products and Articles | Multiple NMFC items for aluminum castings, extrusions, and fabricated parts were reclassified under unified density-based provisions. These updates standardize classification regardless of packaging type or end use. |
| Art and Educational Materials | Previously distinct classifications for items such as art kits, modeling clay, and school project supplies have been consolidated. Most are now subject to the new density scale, eliminating flat-rate class assignments based on vague descriptions. |
| Athletic and Recreational Equipment | Items such as home gym equipment, exercise bikes, and accessories (e.g., yoga mats, punching bags) were reclassified to apply the 13-sub density range. These changes reflect improved stowability standards and packaging consistency across brands. |
| Machinery and Mechanical Components | Numerous mechanical items and parts formerly classified under a mix of fixed and density-based classes were transitioned into the new scale. This includes transmission parts, small motors, and machine subassemblies that previously had varied classifications depending on their construction or protective packaging. |
| Cabinets and Shelving | Storage cabinets, bookshelves, and modular furniture are now grouped under updated density-based rules that eliminate overlapping classifications tied to material type (e.g., wood, metal, plastic). Special item symbols now indicate stowability or liability concerns, especially for items with sharp corners or heavy weight distribution. |
| Pet and Animal Products | Feeders, carriers, bedding, and pet enclosures are now classified using the 13-sub scale. Many items in this group were redefined to reflect dimensional consistency and to align with how carriers handle irregular shapes. |
| Plumbing Fixtures and Fittings | Sinks, tubs, and fittings made from composite materials or ceramics were previously split between flat and density-based classifications. They are now consolidated under updated NMFC items applying the 13-sub density model with clear packaging specifications. |
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NEW LTL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The NMFC updates carry direct implications for shipment planning, freight billing, and systems integration. Carriers and third-party providers will now bill based on the revised structure, and shipment data must reflect the same.Â
To remain compliant:
- Review all product classifications for affected SKUs. Misaligned classifications can lead to reclassification inspections and rating adjustments.
- Update TMS, WMS, and ERP systems to apply the new 13-sub density thresholds.
- Verify all BOL data, including dimensions and packaging type.
- Audit item records for any flagged items and confirm appropriate handling notes are visible to carriers.
- Maintain open communication with your carrier base to ensure alignment on freight profiles and avoid misinterpretation.
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